Decoding how architecture bridges institutional authority and citizen experience with Harsh Varshneya

Drawing from India’s architectural evolution since independence, Harsh Varshneya of Sthapati represents a new generation of architects reimagining public spaces as democratic canvases. His approach transforms government projects from mere functional structures to inclusive, transparent environments that symbolize the nation’s democratic spirit.

By integrating design elements that prioritize accessibility, community engagement, and sustainability, Varshneya’s work embodies the constitutional principles of equity and belonging. As India celebrates its 76th Republic Day, his architectural philosophy represents a powerful narrative of how design can bridge institutional authority with citizen-centric experiences. Read on to find more:

How does your design approach change when working on government projects versus private commissions, particularly in terms of representing democratic values and accessibility?

When designing government projects, the emphasis shifts from individual aspirations to collective identity. These spaces must symbolise democratic values, ensuring openness, inclusivity, and transparency. This is reflected in using materials like glass for visual accessibility and openness and integrating green spaces that invite public participation. Unlike private commissions, which often prioritise exclusivity and individuality, government projects are driven by the ethos of equity, fostering a sense of belonging among citizens.

For instance, when designing public institutions, the goal is to integrate the building seamlessly into the urban fabric, transforming it into a space for dialogue and interaction. Public plazas, shaded walkways, and accessible ramps ensure physical inclusivity while programming the space with cultural and community activities reinforces its social inclusivity. The design must stand as an “urban icon” yet remain approachable, a delicate balance we consciously achieve.

What specific design elements do you incorporate to ensure your public buildings are accessible to all citizens, regardless of physical ability or socioeconomic status?

Accessibility is central to the design of public buildings. This goes beyond compliance with universal design principles; it is about fostering dignity for all users. Features like step-free entrances, tactile paving for the visually impaired, Braille signage and elevators with voice guidance ensure physical accessibility. Additionally, we incorporate wide, open public spaces with shaded seating, drinking water points, and public conveniences, welcoming these spaces to citizens from all socioeconomic backgrounds.

In one of our recent projects, community feedback shaped the inclusion of child-friendly areas, shaded green zones, and gender-neutral restrooms, ensuring that no segment of society felt excluded.

How do you address the challenge of creating spaces that are both monumental (befitting government institutions) yet welcoming to ordinary citizens? Can you share an example quoting feedback or stories from users of the space?

The challenge lies in creating spaces that symbolise authority without alienating the citizens they serve. We address this by blending monumental architecture with human-scale design. Materials like sandstone and concrete lend a timeless gravitas, while open courtyards, interactive installations, and public seating areas soften the formality.

A prime example is one of our designs for an Administrative building, where the design sought to balance formality with openness. The building’s grand entrance and structured façade convey the gravity of its function, while the inclusion of landscaped public zones and a central atrium floods the interiors with natural light, creating an inviting environment for both staff and visitors. This project demonstrates that government architecture can embody respect, transparency, and authority while fostering a sense of belonging among its users.

How do you see the role of architecture evolving in shaping India’s public and urban spaces?

Architecture in India is evolving from being a reflection of power to becoming a catalyst for inclusion, sustainability, and community engagement. Public and urban spaces are no longer isolated; they are designed to interact with their surroundings and those who use them. Architecture today empowers communities through transit-oriented developments that reduce commuting times, parks that encourage fitness, or government buildings that act as cultural hubs.

Architecture must champion adaptability with the rise of urban challenges such as climate change and population density. Government buildings, for instance, are incorporating LEED standards, integrating renewable energy sources, and setting new benchmarks for sustainability. This redefines civic pride and aligns with global commitments to environmental responsibility.

In your experience, how has the design of public spaces evolved since India’s independence, and what key lessons have influenced your work?

Post-independence, the design of public spaces was initially marked by monumentalism, reflecting a young nation’s aspirations. Over the decades, the focus shifted to inclusivity and urban integration. The era of Chandigarh exemplified modernist ideals, but today, the priority is creating spaces that resonate with local identities while meeting global sustainability standards.

A key lesson has been the importance of adaptability. Cities like Delhi and Mumbai demonstrate how traditional spaces like markets and ghats can meet contemporary urban needs while preserving cultural heritage when reimagined with modern design principles. This has inspired us to approach every project as a dialogue between the past, present, and future.

Photographs by Noughts & Crosses